Carolyn Kousky, Environmental Defense Fund, and Hannah K. Friedrich, University of Arizona and Cornell University, explain the various state-created disaster insurance programmes in the United States and discuss their future role in an era of increasing risk.

Authors Jayanta Guin, Suz Tolwinski-Ward, Charles Jackson, Boyko Dodov, and Roger Grenier Verisk Extreme Event Solutions, Boston, MA introduce the catastrophe risk modelling industry, describe the history and latest developments in state-of-the-art cat models within their firm, and discuss how further collaboration across sectors could contribute to improvements in the estimation of climate-driven risk.